TNF and cancer: Furthermore, considering that cell differentiation and apoptosis process could be controlled by proinflammatory cytokines (Coppack, 2001), the next step was to evaluate the main proinflammatory cytokines described as responsible for the depletion of AT during cancer cachexia, in particular, IL-6 and TNF-α (Batista et al., 2013; Tsoli and Robertson, 2013).