RAF1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: In order to assess the effect of our compounds on endogenous RAS signalling, we analysed phosphorylation of AKT (downstream of RAS–PI3K signalling) and phosphorylation of ERK (downstream of RAS–RAF signalling) using DLD-1 cells (a colorectal line with KRASG13D mutation) and H358 cells (a NSCLC with KRASG12C mutation).