Therefore, these results support that TLR2 plays key roles in the pathogenesis of synucleinopathy and functional inhibition of TLR2 ameliorates neuropathology in synucleinopathy through inhibition of pathogenic neuron-to-neuron and neuron-to-astrocyte α-synuclein transmission, clearance of accumulated neurotoxic α-synuclein via autophagy, and inhibition of astroglial inflammatory responses (Fig. 8). This evidence concerns the gene TLR2 and synucleinopathy.