CCL2 and Alzheimer disease: In the same way, expression of CCL2 in U87i and U87w cells were highly increased in the BBB models with PBMCs from control patients (by 53.19-fold, and 28.04-fold for U87i and U87w cells respectively), from mild AD patients (by 74.32-fold, and 40.10-fold for U87i and U87w cells respectively) and from moderate AD patients (31.49-fold for U87w cells) versus BBB models without PBMCs (Table 3).