TLR3 and influenza: It has been reported that 25HC induced the release of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL‐8 and IL‐6 and amplify the response of TLR3 in airway epithelial cells via NF‐κB.22 25HC was shown to enhance inflammatory signalling in bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMDM) and expression of Ch25h exacerbated morbidity following influenza infection via AP‐1.36 Jang et al37 demonstrated that 25HC activated the NLRP3 inflammasome to increase IL‐1β level without affecting the IL‐6, leading to cerebral neuroinflammation.