VEGFA and endothelial dysfunction: On the other hand, endothelium-dependent vasodilation (PGs, VEGF, TGF-β, and NO system) is also attenuated in preeclamptic patients (Fischer et al., 2000; Yoshida et al., 2000), secondary to oxidative stress which is known to provoke endothelial dysfunction (Roberts et al., 1989; McKinney et al., 2000).