DKK-1 was 1824 pg/mL (1345–2572 interquartile range (IQR)) in T2DM versus 1526 pg/mL (963.2–1792 IQR) in the control group; RANKL was 3590 pg/mL (1434–7154 IQR) in T2DM versus 5018 pg/mL (2632–9343 IQR) in the control group (Fig. 2a, c). Here, TNFSF11 is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.