ACE and diabetes mellitus: The descriptive analysis has shown that patients with DR, were older, had longer diabetes duration, less years of formal education, higher BMI, SUA, HbA1c and triglycerides, were more likely to be users of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, and had a higher prevalence of hypertension, macrovascular disease and CKD (p < 0.001 for all comparisons) than patients without DR.