The serum cathepsin Z concentration of jaundice-stage PBC patients was measured before transplantation (6.48 ± 2.77 ng/ml) and after transplantation (1.18 ± 2.32 ng/ml), with a post-transplant observation period of 16.7 ± 14.8 months (Fig. 2C). Here, CTSZ is linked to primary biliary cholangitis.