The up-regulated pathways were associated with responses to infectious agents (Toll- and Rig-I-like receptor signaling, cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction, apoptosis, cytosolic DNA-sensing, Jak-STAT signaling, NK cell mediated cytotoxicity and NOD-like receptor signaling); specific infectious diseases (hepatitis C, leishmaniasis, American and African trypanosomiasis, toxoplasmosis); allograft rejection and graft-versus host disease; and autoimmune disorders including type I diabetes mellitus and autoimmune thyroiditis. The gene discussed is SOAT1; the disease is hepatitis C virus infection.