Infection by HIV-1N57S was strongly inhibited by CsA in HT1080 cells (Figure 1) and Nup depletions partly (e.g. NUP62, NUP54, NUPL1) or nearly completely (e.g. NUP155, NUP205) abolished this CsA sensitivity, (Figure 11C–D). This evidence concerns the gene NUP54 and infection.