CA can also directly interact with two nucleoporins (Nups) NUP153 and RANBP2(NUP358), that appear to play a major role in HIV-1 nuclear import (Bichel et al., 2013; Di Nunzio et al., 2013; Lin et al., 2013; Matreyek et al., 2013; Schaller et al., 2011; Zhang et al., 2010), A number of other Nups or nuclear transport receptors have also been implicated as co-factors for HIV-1 infection in genome-wide RNA interference screens (Brass et al., 2008; König et al., 2008; Yeung et al., 2009; Zhou et al., 2008). The gene discussed is RANBP2; the disease is HIV-1 infection.