FOXP3 and rheumatoid arthritis: For example, Hu et al. reported a pro-inflammatory effect of HIF-1α in rheumatoid arthritis by provoking TLR signaling (70), whereas other studies indicated that HIF-1α elicited anti-inflammation by promoting FoxP3 expression in T-cells (71) and upregulation of IL-1R-associated kinase-M in monocytes (30).