IL6 and macrophage activation syndrome: In addition, although HLH–MAS occurring after treatment with CAR T cells and other T cell-engaging therapies has typically been shown to resolve following administration of anti-IL-6 therapy and/or corticosteroids30,62,96, refractory cases can require additional therapy, including consideration of systemic and/or intrathecal therapy according to the HLH-2004 management guidelines113 or use of the IL-1 receptor antagonist anakinra62,114 (Table 1).