In mice, HIF-1α-knockout (KO) keratinocytes induced the development of larger necrotic lesions and decreased the animals' capacity to clear group A streptococci by reducing the recruitment of neutrophils to the site of infection (11, 12), and HIF-1α knockdown by small interfering RNA (siRNA) reduced the resistance of mice to P. aeruginosa keratitis (9). Here, HIF1A is linked to keratitis.