Other signaling pathways associated with asthma appear to rely on STAT3 as a downstream factor; for instance, overproduction of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) has been shown to lead to chronic inflammation associated with various diseases including asthma and colitis-associated cancer through the hyper-activation of NF-κB and STAT3 [66,67]. Here, NFKB1 is linked to asthma.