KRAS and lung carcinoma: For example, the mutation rate of the KRAS gene can reach as high as 15–30% in Caucasian patients with colorectal cancer, and only 4–10% in Asian patients with lung cancer (Mascaux et al., 2005; Lu et al., 2013; Kinugasa et al., 2015; Omidifar et al., 2015; Ohba et al., 2016).