In the current subgroup analysis stratified by gender, significant increasing susceptibility to deformity was detected in the general female group as well as in the female subgroups with JIS, AIS, and familial and sporadic forms of scoliosis (p < 0.05), but no significant association between TGFB1 (-509C/T) and risk of deformity was found in males (see Table 2 and Table 3). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is scoliosis.