HLA-C and leprosy: Killer immunoglobin-like receptors genes—KIR2DS1, 2DS2, and 3DS1—and their HLA ligands were associated with leprosy in a Brazilian population (32, 33) and HLA-C, a classical ligand for KIRs, was observed as a risk factor for leprosy in Vietnamese family based and Indian case-control populations (23).