Contrary to miR-155, inflammation in periodontitis animals and patients has resulted in a downregulation ofmiR-451 expression (Table 1).19 miR-451 directly targets copine 3 (CPNE3), Ras-related protein (Rab5a) and 14-3-3ζ genes.30 These studies have demonstrated that overexpression of miR-451 affected the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) through Rab5a and 14-3-3ζ and suppressed the migration of neutrophils towards N-formyl-l-methionyl-l-leucyl-phenylalanine. The gene discussed is CPNE3; the disease is periodontitis.