Interestingly, the increased circulating levels of the Wnt inhibitors sclerostin and Dkk1 have in uremia been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of the CKD-MBD [33], and a role of neutralizing antibodies against circulating Wnt-inhibitors has been proposed for treatment of CKD-MBD [41]. Here, DKK1 is linked to chronic kidney disease.