Differences in these results may be technical in nature (control cells in Luo et al. exhibited unusually high baseline apoptosis approaching 50%); however, it is also possible that the role of HNF1A may differ between different molecular subtypes of PDA (Bailey et al., 2016) or in a dynamic manner like fellow transcription factor PDX1 (Roy et al., 2016). This evidence concerns the gene HNF1A and Patent ductus arteriosus.