As the promoters of HNF1A upregulated genes were enriched for transcription factor known to play roles in PDA including GATA (likely GATA5 or GATA6) (Roe et al., 2017; Martinelli et al., 2017; Zhong et al., 2011), PDX1 (Roy et al., 2016), and SOX9 (Camaj et al., 2014; Kopp et al., 2012; Tsuda et al., 2018), it is possible that HNF1A may work in concert with other transcription factors to elicit its full oncogenic function in PDA. Here, QRSL1 is linked to Patent ductus arteriosus.