While hypertensive doses of AT produce a more pronounced hypertrophic response, angiotensin receptor type 1 (AT1R)-mediated signaling may induce cardiac hypertrophy independently of hypertension [12] by acting as a cardiac growth factor and through induction of the “fetal” gene TGF-β as well as dysregulation of collagen degrading matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) [13, 14]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to cardiac hypertrophy.