Finally, an important role of HO-1 in reducing neuropathic pain has been recently pointed out, showing that HO-1 up-regulation could elicit potent analgesic effects in part due to the inhibition of spinal microglia activation, as shown in a mouse model of peripheral nerve injury [102] or favoring the antinociceptive effect of morphine in diabetic animals [103]. The gene discussed is HMOX1; the disease is peripheral nerve injury.