A seminal paper by Principe and colleagues using genetically modified mice (APC and ATG mutants) demonstrated that systemic TGFBR deficiency leads to changes in cancer-associated cytokines in the serum, including decreased TGF-β1 and IL-10, and a strongly enhanced inflammatory response in the colon, which is predominantly mediated by myeloid cells [37]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and cancer.