Keratinocyte infection by P. aeruginosa wild-type strain (PAK) resulted in an induction of a large panel of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, IL-6, IL-23α, IL-32, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and TNFα at 6 h post-infection (Figure 1(A–F)). Here, IL23A is linked to infection.