Though the immune function of CD4+/PD-1+ T cells was exhausted in tumor microenvironment, CD4+/PD-1− effector TILs were more metabolically active and proliferative and enriched in immune costimulation gene sets than CD4+/PD-1+ effector TILs from GBM [5]. This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and glioblastoma.