NPPB and hydrops fetalis: Only two studies provided aggregate data on death due to HF; Stars-BNP [23] and Upstep [24] showed that 3% (3/110) and 15% (21/140), respectively, of patients in the BNP-guided therapy group, and 8% (9/110) and 12.5% (16/128), respectively, of patients in the symptom-guided therapy group had a death directly attributable to HF.