The development of novel checkpoint inhibitors, including ipilimumab, a monoclonal antibody against cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4), and the anti-programmed-death 1 (anti-PD1) antibodies nivolumab and pembrolizumab, have transformed the treatment landscape for patients with advanced melanoma [1]. This evidence concerns the gene CTLA4 and melanoma.