PDPK1 and neoplasm: Significantly reduced PDPK1 levels were seen in the tumor specimens with a ≥ 5-fold reduction of the number of cases staining 2+ and a concomitant increase in the number of cases who lost PDPK1 or stained weakly positive in the tumors (Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test; p < 0.0001) (Fig. 8a and b).