MMP2 and astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma): Furthermore, in human glioblastoma multiforme cell lines CB74, CB109 and CB191 and the rat astrocytoma cell line C6 exposed to 500 ng/mL ≈ 334.28 nM of the (VGVAPG)3 peptide, mRNA expression of MMP-2 dramatically increased with very low stimulation of MMP-9 (Coquerel et al. 2009).