MMP2 and astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma): The available data concerning cancer cells derived from the nervous system show that 100 ng/mL ≈ 66.86 nM of the (VGVAPG)3 peptide strongly upregulated MMP-2 mRNA expression in the rat astrocytoma cell line C6 and human gliomas, such as CB74, CB109 and CB191 (Coquerel et al. 2009).