Patients with pneumonia had markedly increased BALF concentrations of vitronectin (median 2.70 μg/ml, range 0.37–88.7 μg/ml) compared with the 13 healthy control subjects (median 0.97 μg/ml, range 0.36–1.34 μg/ml), as revealed by ELISA (Figure 1). This evidence concerns the gene VTN and susceptibility to pneumonia measurement.