HNRNPL and Azoospermia: Of these factors, Ranbp9 and Morf4l1 (Mrg15), which are differentially expressed between step 2 and step 8 round spermatids, have been shown to be essential for spermiogenesis (Fig. 6d, e), demonstrating the potential value of this dataset.41,42 Interestingly, we observed that a splicing factor hnRNPL, whose mutation is associated with non-obstructive azoospermia in humans,43 was significantly differentially expressed between zygotene and early pachytene spermatocytes, indicating that it could control meiosis through splicing regulation of target genes.