TNF and Huntington disease: Interestingly, the study by Bjorkvist et al. in three different HD mouse models, not only saw similar increases in the levels of blood M2 type cytokines, IL6 and IL10 in the periphery but also found no significant increases in the M1 promoting cytokine IFNγ and, unlike in our study, TNFα as well, thus further supporting the notion that activated peripheral monocytes/macrophages show an M2 dominant phenotype9.