Ten lead variants representing eight novel loci were associated with COPD at P < 9.6 × 10−4: RBMS3, OTUD4/SMAD1, TMEM38B/ZNF462, NCOR2/SCARB1, SUZ12P1, WNT3, SOGA2, C20orf112 (Supplementary Table 7). Here, SMAD1 is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.