The heterogeneity of CRS is now widely recognized, and as reviewed by Dennis et al., there are 4 distinct but overlapping classification schemes for defining endotypes of CRSwNP: the type 2 cytokine-based, eosinophil-based, IgE-based, and cysteinyl based approach43. The gene discussed is IGHE; the disease is chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.