HGF and pancreatic neoplasm: HGF, secreted by PSCs, can bind to c-Met on the surface of pancreatic cancer cells to promote their invasion and migration via the HGF/c-Met/survivin pathway [145], which is negatively regulated by the p53/p21 pathway, and HGF inhibition by AMG102 antibody can reduce pancreatic cancer metastasis dramatically in an orthotopic model of pancreatic cancer and the pancreatic cancer cell line AsPC-1 [146].