MMP2 and pancreatic neoplasm: Hypoxia plays a critical role in pancreatic cancer progression by inducing HIF1 to activate numerous genes involved in invasion and metastasis, such as NF-κB [136], MMP-2 [137, 138], quiescin-sulfhydryl-oxidase-1 (QSOX1) [139], CX3CR1 [140], and lysyl-oxidase (LOX) [141].