Additionally, activated PSCs play a vital role in the pancreatic cancer microenvironment by secreting molecules such as TGFβ, IL-6, stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and galectin-1 to promote pancreatic cancer progression [40]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and familial pancreatic carcinoma.