In this context, there is evidence that c-RAF inhibits apoptosis in a kinase-independent manner, apparently thorough Bcl-2 and pro-apoptotic kinases ASK1 and MST2; in line with this hypothesis, c-RAF inhibition in KRAS-mutant tumor cells induces activation of Caspase-3 [251]. This evidence concerns the gene CASP3 and neoplasm.