TNFSF10 and neoplasm: It was shown in a metastatic renal cell carcinoma model that overexpressing thymidine kinase increased the sensitivity of the tumour cells to dodecameric TRAIL secreted by MSCs, and suggested that the combined administration of MSC-TRAIL and thymidine kinase is a potent strategy for the long-term remission of metastatic renal cell carcinoma [175].