VEGFA and neoplasm: Hypoxia, a condition that is prevalent in the core of solid tumours where oxygen supply is limited, results in enhanced angiogenesis, thereby allowing tumour cells to survive.14,15 Exposure of cells to hypoxia induces a myriad of signalling pathways which co-ordinately result in the ultimate survival of cancer cells.16 One among the many players that transmit the hypoxic signal is the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), which is a master regulator of angiogenic target genes including vegf-A.