TNF and congenital rubella syndrome: Different concentrations of Tumour Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α), Interferon-γ (IFN-γ), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and the Th17 cytokines IL-17, IL-22, and IL-26 were applied to the basal chamber of HNEC-ALI monolayers derived from non-CRS control patients (n = 5, 3 males, 2 females aged 30–50 years) and CRSwNP patients (n = 5, all males aged 45–65 years, 3 were diagnosed with grass-pollen allergy and 4 with asthma) for 24 hours followed by measuring secreted IL-6 protein levels using ELISA.