Whilst IFN-γ and IL-1β significantly induced the release of IL-6 from both patient groups, IL-6 protein levels were significantly higher upon stimulation with 100 ng/ml IFN- γ (42 pg/ml vs 13 pg/ml in CRSwNP patients and non-CRS controls respectively, P = 0.017) and with 10 ng/ml IL-1β (98 pg/ml vs 13 pg/ml in CRSwNP patients and non-CRS controls respectively, P = 0.025) in monolayers derived from CRSwNP patients, than control patients. Here, IFNG is linked to congenital rubella syndrome.