RNPC3 and systemic lupus erythematosus: We also tested other activating reagents previously reported to induce NET formation such as PMA, P. aeruginosa in co-culture, or nucleic acid–containing immune complexes (ICs) produced by combining the small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (smRNP) antigen with either SLE sera (RNP ICs-SLE) or with anti-damaged-DNA/RNA antibody (RNP-ICs-Ab)29.