A recent study, however, showed no relationship between serum levels ofapol1 and development of CKD.23 There wasalso no relationship between circulating levels of apol1 and certain phenotype ofthe HRG40, on the contrary, studies suggestthat renal expression of apol1 is more important for the renal pathogenesis than thecirculating apol1. This evidence concerns the gene APOL1 and chronic kidney disease.