In order to verify our conjecture, we collected 36 pairs of breast tumor tissues before and after taxane-containing NAC from the same non-pCR patients in the clinical pathology from 4 cancer hospitals in China, and results showed that CCL20 staining was significantly increased in the tumor specimens from postchemotherapy, which represent the chemoresistant tumors (Fig 1E and 1F). Here, CCL20 is linked to neoplasm.