PTGS2 and Cognitive impairment: Furthermore, rutin also significantly improved cognitive deficits, attenuating STZ-induced inflammation by decreasing the expression of interleukin-8 (IL-8), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nuclear factor-κB, inducible iNOS, and reduced histological abnormalities in the hippocampus [172].