We show that anti-IL-15 treatment targets important lymphoid cells such as small intestinal IELs and inflammatory CD3+ T lymphocytes that are known to contribute to pathogenesis of celiac disease, and as such, anti-IL-15 might be considered as a candidate for novel supportive therapy, especially in patients suffering with a severe form of disease where traditional (gluten-free diet) approach is not sufficient. This evidence concerns the gene IL15 and celiac disease.