It is likely that IL-34 may be an influential factor of CAD and ICM as a pro-inflammatory cytokine, inducing the secretion of other pro-inflammatory cytokines (Masteller and Wong, 2014) and the accumulation of macrophages, further aggravating the process of CAD (Swirski et al., 2009) and, ultimately, worsening the HF. Here, IL34 is linked to coronary artery disorder.