As a tool for understanding axonal injury in human MS, EAE models have important limitations, not least that EAE is a CD4 +ve T cell mediated pathology, whereas the aetiology of MS more likely involves CD8 +ve T cells, though it is still not known and may be heterogeneous in nature (Trapp and Nave, 2008; Stys et al., 2012). This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and myeloid sarcoma.