TNF and Sepsis: As the pathophysiology of sepsis-induced intestinal dysfunction involves intestinal insufficiency, ischemic injuries, mucosal tissue injury, and loss of enterocyte mass [30], compared to PCT and TNF-α, I-FABP, D-lactate, and citrulline might be more promising candidate biomarkers related to the pathophysiology of ischemia, intestinal insufficiency, and gut barrier failure [31–34].