VTCN1 and renal carcinoma: The levels of soluble B7-H4 were also significantly higher in renal cancer patients than in the HDs; the mean concentration of soluble B7-H4 in renal cancer patients (167.1 ng/mL in all renal cancer patients and 295.1 ng/ml in positive renal cancer patients with a range of 0.11 to 1021 ng/mL) was significantly higher than in the HDs (0.9 ng/mL in all HDs and 8.5 ng/ml in positive HDs with a range of 0 to 21 ng/mL).