NOTCH1 and pancreatic neoplasm: Lastly, we apply our formalism to model the action of metformin in targeting CSCs and inhibiting EMT, providing a mechanism-based explanation for several experimental findings, including decreased Notch1 levels in metformin-treated pancreatic cancer cells [26], metformin inhibition of TGF-beta induced EMT [27] and the recovery of stem-like traits upon NF-κB overexpression in metformin-treated cells [28].